The Breach of Human Rights in Nigeria by Police - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1664 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Tags: Human Rights Essay Did you like this example? CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Human rights loosely refer to moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behaviour, and are regularly protected as legal rights in national and international law.[1] In the words of Udombana[2], human rights are claims which an individual makes against or on society deliberately by virtue of his humanity. These rights are contained in various municipal and international instruments. These laws are based on certain fundamental principles relating to the promotion of human survival, prevention of harm, promotion and sustenance of human dignity, and the enhancement of human development thus giving prominence at global, regional, and national levels. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Breach of Human Rights in Nigeria by Police" essay for you Create order These principles recognise the basic concept that peace and security of life and property are the primary conditions for progress and development of any society.[3]Consequently, the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria asserts that the security and welfare of the people shall be the primary purpose of government.[4]It can be inferred from this provision that every other purpose of government is secondary. All over the world, the principal agency given the responsibility of internal peace and security of nations is the police. The police are considered the most visible symbol of any governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s power and authority and the primary enforcer of its laws, and the instrument of social control in the hands of those who are managers of the State.[5] In relation to this, the 1999 Constitution provided that: There shall be a Police Force for Nigeria, which shall be known as the Nigeria Police Force, and subject to the provisions of this section, no other po lice force shall be established for the Federation or any part thereof.[6] In order to maintain order and enforce the law, the police are endowed by the Constitution and laws with enormous powers of surveillance, arrest, investigation, search, seizure, interrogation, detention, bail and prosecution.[7]The operation of the Nigerian police is endowed with wide discretion in the law enforcement process. This includes, when and how much force is to be used, when to arrest, whom to search and whom not to, etc.[8] In consonance with the provisions of the Constitution, powers and duties were conferred on the Police by the enactment of the Police Act [9]which empowers the Police among other things with the duties of: Prevention and detection of crime; The preservation of law and order; Apprehension and prosecution of offenders; Enforcement of all laws and regulations with which they are directly charged; Performance of military duties within or outside Nigeria as may be required by them or under the authority of the Act or any other Act; and Protection of life and property.[10] While these powers are aimed at enhancing security and development in the society, it has become a very great threat to democracy, development, human well-being and human rights due to its discretionary nature. The police in the current Nigeria are at the forefront in breaching the rights of citizens which they are supposed to protect thereby limiting the sanctity of human life, human dignity, human freedom and rights. In other words, the power has become an instrument of oppression and exploitation because they are not regulated and lack all form of accountability whatsoever. This research will focus on the breach of human rights in form of torture and extrajudicial killing in Nigeria by the police and suggest the way forward in protecting innocent citizens from the fangs of police brutality. 1.2STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Torture has been a subject of major concern in Nigeria. However, the rate of extra judicial killings in recent times has increased drastically. Reports have shown the wide spread disregard for human rights in the police force. Amnesty International reported that in 2010, hundreds of people were killed in police custody.[11] The Nigeria Police Force is responsible for hundreds of extrajudicial executions, unlawful killings (e.g. torture to death while in detention) and enforced disappearances each year. The families of the victims usually have no recourse to justice as many of such cases go uninvestigated and unpunished. Many do not even get to find out what happened to their loved ones as police tell the families that they were transferred to another station or released on bail without any documentation to show for it. The Chapter IV of the 1999 constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria sets out the fundamental human rights of the citizens of the Nigeria. The provisions of the Constitution are clearly against torture and killing and promote the right to life. Also, Nigeria has long ratified the several UN instruments on Human Rights, such as Universal Declaration on Human Rights, United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment since the 28th of June, 2001, but the impact is yet to be felt by the general public. 1.3RESEARCH QUESTIONS In this research work, the questions that come to mind and would have received illumination by the end of this work are; What exactly is the role of the Nigeria police To what extent is torture prevalent in Nigeria What is the state of arrest and detention practice in Nigeria Whether there is in existence any form of rehabilitation scheme for torture victims What exactly is the state of documentation and reporting of extrajudicial killings and torture 1.4AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The aim of this work is to create awareness to the Nigerian citizens that they have rights even when in police detention and also suggesting possible reforms that can bring about a change to the current practice by the Nigerian police. It is my aim that this project will reach out to the appropriate authorities and strike a chord for change. It is trite fact that where there is knowledge, there is an opportunity for improvement. At the end of the study, it is desired that the following issues should have to a reasonable degree received illumination: Systematic torture in police and other centres of detention. Arrest and detention practices. State of Human Rights Training in the Nigeria Police Force and other officers in- charge of detention facilities in Nigeria. Internal Control of the Nigeria Police Force. State of Institutionalised mechanism for compulsory autopsy of all deaths in custody. State of rehabilitation services, care and treatment for torture victims by the State. State of reporting and documentation of all cases of Torture and Extra Judicial Killings Possible reform in the Nigeria Police Force, Prison Service and Other Law Enforcement/Detention Agencies 1.5SCOPE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY Public confidence is an important tool for effective policing. When police commit torture, murder, and other crimes, they belittle the public confidence so essential to ensuring public safety and security. A culture of criminal policing and permeating corruption by police personnel promotes lawlessness and fosters an increased sense of insecurity. This research will be carried out using information drawn from various legislation, case law and official reports, as well as secondary materials, including newspaper articles and reports by governmental, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental organisation on the subject matter in various states within Nigeria. Spatially, this study is not limited to any particular era or point Nigeriaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s in history; it studies the growing pattern of heinous practices by the Nigeria police force against the Nigerian citizens. 1.6LIMITATION OF THE STUDY In compiling this work, reference will only be made to various newspaper articles, legislations, case law and reports by governmental, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental organisations despite the fact that I would have loved to get first-hand information from torture victims or a relative of someone who has been killed extra judicially. However, this lack is funded by the well-founded fear of police reprisal in the hearts of various police torture victims and relatives with good information. 1.7RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The method of data collection employed for this research is the doctrinal method. It involves the harnessing of information from existing materials (legal and non-legal); which include reported cases, journals, reports and articles. 1.8OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS Extrajudicial Killing Extrajudicial killing refers to any execution of person(s) by the state or other official authority via any of its agencies other those carried out in conformity with the law. Also, an extrajudicial killing can be said to be the killing of a person by governmental authorities without the sanction of any judicial proceeding or legal process.[12] Torture The infliction of intense pain to the body or mind to punish, to extract a confession or information, or to obtain sadistic pleasure.[13] Rights Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some legal system, social convention or ethical theory.[14] [1] Wikipedia [Internet]. c2014. [cited 2014 Nov 24]Available from: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights. [2] Udombana, Nsogurua J, (2014)Lecture On Human Rights, 8th October. [3] Arase SE, Iwufor I, (2007) Policing Nigeria In The 21st Century. 1st Ed. (Ibadan): Spectrum Books Limited. [4] Section 14(2) (b), Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, (CFRN) 1999 [5] Lokulo-Sodipe JO, (2011) The Role of the Nigerian Police in the Protection of Citizensà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Rights to Life and Human Dignity in Nigeria. 6. U.I.J.P.B.L. p. 96-97. [6] Section 214(1) [7] Alemika EO, Chukwuma IC, editors. (2003) Police Accountability in Nigeria: Framework and Limitations, Civilian Oversight and Accountability of Police in Nigeria 47 (Abuja): University of Jos, Centre for Law Enforcement Education and Police Service Commission. [8] Alemika EO, (2010) Enhancing Police Accountability System in Nigeria: The Missing Links, Enhancing Police Accountability System in the Nigeria Police Force. 7 Abuja (AB): Cleen Foundation. [9] (Cap C38) Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 2004 [10] Section 4 of the Police Act (Cap P. 19), Laws of the Federation of Nigeria (L.F.N.), 2004. [11] Amnesty International Report. (2011) Unlawful Killings and Enforced Disappearances; The State of the Worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Human Rights. [12] Wikipedia [Internet]. c2014. [cited 2014 Dec 27]Available from: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing. [13] Garner BA, editor, (2009) Blackà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Law Dictionary 9th Ed. Texas (TX): Thomson West. 1528 p. [14] Wikipedia [Internet]. 2014. [cited 2014 Dec 27] Available from: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rights.

Developing a Website for an Online Game as a Distribution Channel for Term Paper

Essays on Developing a Website for an Online Game as a Distribution Channel for Purchasing Games, Shopping Mall and an Interactive Platform for Gamers Term Paper The paper â€Å"Developing a Website for an Online Game as a Distribution Channel for Purchasing Games, Shopping Mall and an Interactive Platform for Gamers† is a  spectacular example of term paper on information technology. Advancement in technology has altered life as we know it. Technology is seen and supported as a –must-have a tool that enhances efficiency, accuracy, and competence. Technology has significantly influenced how modern society and businesses operate which includes how people work, react, socialize, transact, trade, interact, communicate, entertain, spend their spare time, how they acquire knowledge and skills and their perceptions on the real world (O’Connell Groom, 2010, p.13). Technology has shrunk the world into one global village where people from vast distances and varied cultures are practically neighbors, business associates, and social friends by a click of a button.As earlier indicated, technology has impacted how people play, socia lize, entertain and spend their spare time. This has more so been realized by development of virtual spaces and virtual games where people irregardless of their age, gender, religion, race, ethnicity, nationality, educational status, health status, sexual orientation and cultures are able to escape from real-world chaos, frustrations and pressures and enter into a virtual world and develop new identities and personas, which are referred to as alter egos or avatars as noted by O’Connell Groom (2010, p.13).  Ã‚  Due to popularity of the online virtual spaces and virtual gaming which seems real and more fun for modern individual, it provides a diverse platform for marketing these games by capitalizing on the vast population who log into these spaces, by effectively and efficiently meeting their virtual needs in order to enhance volume of sales and increase the profit margins. This is particularly lucrative as the avatars have sustained engagement with the brand as indicated b y Hemp (2006, pg.3). This forms the basis of this report which is to propose an effective website for marketing an online game.Target marketVirtual worlds provide its users with escapism where they are able to live in an alternate reality where their underlying human desires, thoughts, and hopes which they cannot fulfill in real-world; they are able to (Heilesen Jensen, 2007, p.189). In virtual worlds, they are able to control the outcomes and participate in their own personalized reality shows, which they cannot do watching a reality show through the TVs.Running a successful online game business requires a substantial amount of resources and incorporation of varied variables such as goals of the product, people, an effective business environment, the right marketing strategies and processes among others. The main influencing factor to the success of an online game is selecting the right target market in order to design and package an online gaming product that effectively meets th eir needs, expectations, wants, preferences and wishes or desires in this case as suggested by Hemp (2006, pg.4).The target market for the online game is both the virtual persona or avatars and their creators- real person operating in the real world. The product- online game, seeks to target people aged from the age of nine to forty five, male or female who seeks to experience new realities ranging from conquering conquests for men, participating in fashion shows and becoming sex icons or beauties for women, to becoming heroes and heroines in cartoon characters for children and living the life of celebrities and entertainment icons for teenagers.

Corporate Governance Leadership Public Companies

Question: Describe about the Corporate Governance Leadership for Public Companies. Answer: Introduction According to Rezaee (2009), corporate governance is the relationship between different role players in a company which includes the board of management, shareholders and directors that influence the running of a company and determine its performance. The Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) plays a pivotal role to ensure that the systems and framework of rules that govern public companies together with the management of the corporations are underpinned by integrity and notions of good practice. Why were the ASX Recommendations Introduced and Issues they Were Meant to Overcome overcome? According to Wang and Oliver (2009), the inception of the recommendations was ignited by the periodic company failures precipitated by notorious accounting inconsistencies and ethical megaflop. Abidin and Kamal (2009) suggest that other causes that fueled the inception of the recommendations is the recurrence of cases where the directors negligent fail to monitor the functioning of the company while other board members are oblivious about their obligations towards the shareholders of the company. The need to demonstrate good governance practices has been said to emanate from the market forces rather than mere legal sanctions. What Roles do ASX Recommendations play? The ASX thus ensures effective and corporate governance to promote investor confidence and improve firm governance. The recommendations by ASX which are voluntarily rather than mandatory according to Christensen et al. (2010) have the moral imperative of recommending idiosyncratic corporative governance practices for entities that are listed at the ASX, which meet reasonable expectation of most investors. They have helped to create value through innovation and provide accountability and development of board evaluation process in the control systems. It is imperative to note that hey have also reflected an innovative change in the management of companies given the tailored solutions it has established. They also ensure that the disclosures made by the companies are made timeously so that the public can have the material facts on its material price and value of its securities. To maintain competent and quality directors who have the required skill and expertise, the recommendations ser ve to ensure that the directors are remunerated fairly and responsibly. The recommendations ensure that the board of directors in the companies adds value to the company while they act with the highest degree of work ethic. By 2004, it was apparent that improving the control and management of public companies was not the sole role of the recommendations on governance principles. Good governance recommendations have gone further assist in attracting capital in the global market while they also immensely influence the cost of capital in the market. They have also ensured that the directors of the company have the requisite competence and understanding to deal with emerging issues in the economy, which has assisted in reducing the risks that are exposed to shareholders while improving the performance of the companies (Spanos 2005). Recently, it has been argued that the application of these governance principle recommendations has enhanced the economic health within the country (Arjoon 2005). Application of the Recommendation on Corporate Governance to Small Private Companies: The Challenges The principles of governance and recommendations have been argued to be preferentially applicable to large public entities in most instances. However, the same is hardly applicable to small private companies because the management structure is relatively small. It has been argued that the governance principles should be standardized to fit the small private companies .The recommendations have been said to fit in the complex management of public listed companies that require high level of disclosure. The checks and balances together with accountability related issues are easy to manage within the company and thus the governance principles lack a suitable function within small private companies. Suffice to say, the running of the small private entities is based on an impregnable trust among friend family and in fewer circumstances supplier (Corbetta and Salvato 2004). This makes the application of the recommendations to small private entities actions a legal quandary. Most family businesses are run based on the wishes of particular members of the family. It may be an uphill battle to apply the governance principles to family business bearing in mind that some of personnel in the management may lack the compentence required in running a business and they are in most instances not ready and willing to accept academic inputs. (Krappe, Goutas and Schlippe 2011) On the other hand, the private companies are usually run by one director required by law. This poses a challenge in applying the complex recommendations to directors of a company. The tasks and duties of the director are less compared to the duties that are bestowed on the several directors in large listed companies. Sole directors of a companies can also are motivated by the self confidence and in most instances they trust their competency and skills and so it becomes difficult for them to apply the governance principles. Most private small entities are run and managed by the owners of the business who fail to view the entity from a governance lense (Brown and Beekes 2011). Owners of such small firms are normally in reluctant and timorous to consider external factors that will enhance the management of the company. They have defined visions and goals for the business that may not be parallel to the visions of the recommendations of good governance. According to Clarke and Klettner (2010) private companies are exposed to less risk which may not have a devastating effect on the running company. Therefore, the small companies do not have an onerous task to deal with risk management issues and there the recommendations on governance objective of ensuring proper risk management will not be entirely applicable to them. Conclusion The recommendations on the principles of good governance are paramount for the success of companies. Small private companies should also embrace these recommendations to ensure growth and expansion of their business. It has been argued that there are family businesses that are so large and play a significant role in the global economy. It is through the enhancement of good governance practices that they were able to grow and expand their business. It is thus advised that the small private entities should embrace them to. In Australia, it is recommended that the principles on good governance should not be left to be voluntary but rather they should be given a mandatory force by legislation to prevent fraud cases that have been rampant in companies. Bibliography Abidin, Z Kamal, N 2009, Board Structure and Corporate Performance in Malaysia, International Journal of Economics and Finance Arjoon, S 2005, Corporate governance: An ethical perspective, Journal of Business Ethics Brown, P, Beekes, W, 2011, Corporate governance, accounting and finance: a review. Accounting finance 51 (1): 96-172. Christensen, J, Kent, P, Stewart, J,2010 , Corporate Governance and Company Performance in Australia, Australian Accounting Review Clarke, T Klettner, A, 2010, Governance Issues of SMEs, Journal of Business Systems, Governance and Ethics Corbetta, G, and Salvato, C, 2004, The board of directors in family firms: One size fits all?, Family Business Review 17(2): 119-134 Krappe, A , Goutas, L, and Schlippe, A. (2011) The Family Business Brand: An Enquiry into the Construction of the Image of Family Business. Journal of Political Economy, Rezaee, Z 2009, Corporate Governance and Ethics, John Wiley Sons, Inc.USA. Spanos, L 2005, 'Corporate Governance in Greece: Developments and Policy Implications', Corporate Governance vol 5 Wang, Y Oliver, J 2009, Board composition and firm performance variance: Australian evidence; Accounting Research Journal

Their contribution during world war one was the main reason why the majority of women gained the right to vote in 1918 How valid is this view free essay sample

Before 1918, women were considered to be very much within their own sphere of influence separate from men. Throughout the 19th century women had slowly been gaining voting privileges, but only in areas considered to be within their spheres such as the vote for school boards, the vote for poor law boards and the vote for county councils. Traditionally many historians have argued that the main reason for the enfranchisement of women in 1918 was their work during world war one. This view is being disputed on multiple levels; some argue that the war itself called for a rearrangement of the whole electoral system. Alternatively other historians argue that the work of the womens suffrage workers such as the suffragists and the suffragettes, who campaigned for womens rights throughout the 19th century, was the most significant factor in gaining the vote for women. Womens contributions during world war one significantly contributed to the cause for the enfranchisement of women. During world war one, women occupied the jobs of the men fighting in the army. Women worked in positions such as public transport operators, such as bus and tram drivers, night wardens and munitions factory workers. Traditionally the view has been that this work during the war was the main cause for the enfranchisement of women, as stated by Asquith himself, however now this view is being disputed. Bartley argues against this due to the fact that in 1918, the vote was only awarded to wealthy women over the age of thirty, despite that it was primarily working class women who did these jobs during the war. Additionally, Bartley argues that working class women had always filled these positions so a sudden recognition of this would be unlikely to be the reasoning behind awarding the vote to women. Bartley also argues that men resented women filling their positions whilst they were fighting overseas and they were quick to kick them out of these positions once they had returned. Rover argues that the work of women during the war was very significant but not in the areas Asquith was referring to. Rover argues that womens work as nurses both on the front line and in hospitals working alongside the Red Cross, was the primary reason for the enfranchisement of women. She believes this because she believes it caused public opinion of women to change and caused a crossing over between the spheres of men and women. Rover agrees with Bartleys argument that working class women had always worked as public transport operators, in factories and as night wardens therefore this was not the cause for change. Marwick, however, agrees with the traditional view that womens work as public transport operators and so forth gained women the vote. He argues that the war was in fact a catalyst in the enfranchisement of women and not only gained them the vote but allowed the social liberation of women, allowing them to wear shorter skirts, to smoke and to go to pubs. Pugh disputes this by arguing that the war delayed the enfranchisement of women as he argues that in 1914 Asquith was already being swayed by the suffrage workers campaigning and the meeting with the working class women on 14th August arranged my Sylvia Pankhurst. Bartley argues that the enfranchisement of women in truth had little to do with womens contributions to the workforce or the war effort during world war one. Instead she argues that it was the necessary rearrangement of the whole electoral system that was the cause. The electoral system was determined to be unfair due to the six month permanent residency clause that required a home owning man to have lived at his property for at least six months in order to be eligible to vote. This clause meant that young men who had been fighting overseas during the war for more than six months did not meet this requirement and were disenfranchised. This caused public outrage and was seen to be completely unacceptable that young men were deemed ineligible to vote for the government of the country they had risked their lives fighting to protect. Bartley argues that due to the unjustness of this, the whole electoral system had to be rethought and this included womens rights. Although the war and wome ns efforts during the war were a significant factor in gaining the vote for women, the campaigning of the suffragists has been argued to have been of more significance. The National Union of womens suffrage societies or the NUWSS aka the Suffragists was an association composed of mainly middle class women who were well educated and brought up believing in equal rights for women. The reason there were very few working class women in the NUWSS was because they were generally not supported by their husbands as working class men believed that women should remain below them and did not believe in equal rights. The leader of the NUWSS was Millicent Fawcett; a middle class woman, married to a lawyer and was brought up believing in equal rights. Millicent Fawcett and the NUWSS employed peaceful tactics such as holding peaceful protests in the form of marches and wrote newspaper articles in order to campaign for womens rights. There has been much dispute as to whether the peaceful tactics of the suffragist workers had much effect in the campaign for the vote. However, Pugh argues that the achievements of the suffragists has been overlooked and that they did in fact achieve a considerable amount. In 1904 anti suffragist MPs ignored the womens vote bill by placing complete focus on the rear headlights bill. However, by 1908 pro suffragist MPs were in the majority and views towards womens rights were changing. This changing attitude towards women can be seen through the conciliation bills and primarily the first bill The Parliamentary Franchise (women) bill 1910. This bill was a proposal to enfranchise one million wealthy women and it managed to pass its second reading in the commons with a majority of one hundred votes. Unfortunately for the suffrage campaign, Asquith, the leader of the liberal party, who was anti suffrage, suspended parliament in order to call a general election which mean that the third reading of the bill never took place. This showed that there was much less widespread opposition towards womens rights. The third and final proposal failed due to opposition from the pro suffrage MPs who rejected it because they felt that it wasnt going far enough as it was only enfranchising wealthy women. Some liberal MPs rejected the bill because they believed that these wealthy women would vote conservative. The few Irish MPs rejected the bill in spite because they felt the questio n of Irish independence was being overlooked in favour of this. Holton argues that the political alliances being formed at this point before the outbreak of world war one by the democratic suffragists ensured that women would have to be included in any future reform bill. Other historians argue that the suffragists peaceful tactics had little effect and that it was the more militant suffragettes that brought about the enfranchisement of women. Due to the slow progress of the suffragists, a new group formed in 1903 out of this called the Womens Social Political union or the WSPU aka the Suffragettes. The WSPU was led by Emiline Pankhurst, another middle class, very well educated women also married to a lawyer who supported equal rights. The WSPU employed non peaceful tactics in order to accelerate the campaign for womens rights. They used tactics such as blowing up post-boxes, which was a direct target to the King as it was the Royal Mail, they chained themselves to fences, they blew up stations, such as Leuchars, museums and churches. In 1914 Mary Richardson, an active member of the suffragettes, slashed the Velà ¡zquez painting as an act of protest against the exploitation of women. In 1913, Emily Davidson was killed when she threw herself under th e Kings horse at a derby in order to gain attention for the womens suffrage campaign. In 1907 the suffragettes were split again into the Womens Freedom League which meant that leadership was fragmented and the campaign was weakened. However, in 1909 the Womans Tax Resistance was formed by the suffragettes which worked to encourage women to avoid paying taxes. The suffragettes had set up a national support base for women which employed 75 paid workers and published its own newspaper with 20,000 copies being published per week. This was effective in gaining support for women, but this positive support has been argued to have been cancelled out by some of the movements carried out by the WSPU which were considered to be too violent. In order to tackle the extremity of the campaign tactics used, such as hunger strikes, the police would force feed the strikers. This was a complete abuse of free will and was very painful and caused the deaths of some strikers. Pugh argues that the militant acts of the suffragettes did more harm than good in the enfranchisement of women, however other historians have argued that the extreme acts of the suffragettes brought womens rights to the forefront of Britain and gained mass publicity. Alternatively, historians argue that the work of Sylvia Pankhurst, who was made to leave the WSPU due to her work with working class women was fairly significant in gaining the vote for women. Sylvia worked with the East London Federation of WSPU and had close association with the Labour Party rather than the Liberals as both the suffragettes and the suffragists had traditionally supported. Sylvia not only campaigned for the vote for women, but also for wider womens welfare such as the right to abortion. Sylvia is most recognised for her organising of the meeting between the working class women and Asquith which has been argued to have been one of the contributing factors towards the cause for womens enfranchisement. In conclusion, the war, not solely womens contributions towards the workforce and the war effort, was the main reason to why women gained the vote in 1918. However, the campaigning of the suffragists and the suffragettes were certainly significant in the cause for the enfranchisement of women as they began the fight for the vote but unfortunately became less significant by the beginning of world war one.

Education Essays (334 words) - Education, Knowledge Sharing, Rearing

Education (also called learning, teaching or schooling) in the general sense is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character, or physical ability of an individual. In its technical sense, education is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills, and values from one generation to another. Etymologically, the word education is derived from the Latin ducti (?a breeding, a bringing up, a rearing) from dc (?I educate, I train?) which is related to the homonym dc (?I lead forth, I take out; I raise up, I erect?) from - (?from, out of?) and dc (?I lead, I conduct?).[1] Teachers in educational institutions direct the education of students and might draw on many subjects, including reading, writing, mathematics, science and history. This process is sometimes called schooling when referring to the education of teaching only a certain subject, usually as professors at institutions of higher learning. There is also education in fields for those who want specific vocational skills, such as those required to be a pilot. In addition there is an array of education possible at the informal level, such as in museums and libraries, with the Internet and in life experience. Many non-traditional education options are now available and continue to evolve. One of the most substantial uses in education is the use of technology. Classrooms of the 21st century contain interactive white boards, tablets, mp3 players, laptops, etc. Teachers are encouraged to embed these technological devices in the curriculum in order to enhance students learning and meet the needs of v arious types of learners. A right to education has been created and recognized by some jurisdictions: Since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. At world level, the United Nations' International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13.

Macbeth Quotes Explained

'Macbeth' Quotes Explained Macbeth, William Shakespeares bloodiest play, is one of the most quoted dramatic works in the English language. Memorable lines from the tragedy explore themes like reality and illusion, ambition and power, and guilt and remorse. Famous quotations from Macbeth are still recited (and sometimes spoofed) today in movies, TV shows, commercials, and even the daily news. Quotes About Reality and Illusion Fair is foul, and foul is fair:Hover through the fog and filthy air.(Act I, Scene 1) The Tragedy of Macbeth opens with an eerie, supernatural scene. Amidst thunder and lightening, three witches moan into the wind. They tell us that nothing is as it seems. Whats good (fair) is evil (foul). Whats evil is good. Everything is strangely reversed. The witches- also called weird sisters- are odd and unnatural. They speak in sing-song rhymes, but describe filth and evil. Theres an unexpected rhythm to their words. Most of  Shakespeares characters speak in iambs, with the emphasis falling on the second syllable: da-dum, da-dum. Shakespeares witches, however, chant in  trochees. The emphasis falls on the first syllable: Fair is foul, and foul is fair. This particular quote is also a paradox. By pairing opposites, the witches disrupt the natural order. Macbeth aligns himself with their twisted thinking when he echoes their words in Act I, Scene 3: So foul and fair a day I have not seen[.] Shakespeares witches are fascinating because they force us to question the natural order of things, as well as our notions about fate and free will. Appearing at key moments in Macbeth, they chant prophesies, spark Macbeths lust for the throne, and manipulate his thinking. Is this a dagger which I see before me,The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee.I have thee not, and yet I see thee still.Art thou not, fatal vision, sensibleTo feeling as to sight? Or art thou butA dagger of the mind, a false creation,Proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain?(Act II, Scene 1) The witches also set the tone for moral confusion and hallucinatory scenes like Macbeths encounter with a floating dagger. Here, Macbeth is preparing to murder the king when delivers this haunting soliloquy. His tortured imagination (heat-oppressed brain) conjures the illusion of the murder weapon. His soliloquy becomes a chilling apostrophe in which he speaks directly to the dagger: Come, let me clutch thee. The dagger, of course, cannot respond. Like many things in Macbeths distorted vision, its not even real. Quotes About Ambition and Power Stars, hide your fires;Let not light see my black and deep desires.(Act I, Scene 4) Macbeth is a complex and conflicted character. His comrades call him brave and worthy, but the witches prophecy has awakened a secret longing for power. These lines, spoken by Macbeth as an aside, reveal the  black and deep desires he struggles to hide. Lusting for the crown, Macbeth plots to kill the king. But, on reflection, he questions the practicality of such an action. I have no spurTo prick the sides of my intent, but onlyVaulting ambition, which oerleaps itselfAnd falls on the other.(Act I, Scene 7) Here, Macbeth acknowledges that ambition is his only motivation (spur) to commit murder. Like a horse spurred to leap too high, this much ambition can only result in downfall. Ambition is Macbeths tragic flaw, and its possible that nothing could have saved him from his fate. However, much of the blame can be placed on his wife. Power-hungry and manipulative, Lady Macbeth vows to do whatever it takes to advance her husbands murderous plan. †¦Come, you spiritsThat tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here,And fill me from the crown to the toe top-fullOf direst cruelty! make thick my blood;Stop up the access and passage to remorse,That no compunctious visitings of natureShake my fell purpose, nor keep peace betweenThe effect and it! Come to my womans breasts,And take my milk for gall, you murdering ministers,Wherever in your sightless substancesYou wait on natures mischief!(Act I, Scene 5) In this soliloquy, Lady Macbeth braces herself for murder. She rejects Elizabethan notions of womanhood (unsex me), and begs to be rid of soft emotions and female visitings of nature (menstruation). She asks the spirits to fill her breasts with poison (gall). Womens milk is a recurring motif in Shakespeares play, representing the soft, nurturing qualities Lady Macbeth renounces. She believes that her husband is too full o the milk of human kindness (Act I, Scene 5) to kill the king. When he waffles, she tells him that she would rather murder her own infant than abandon their murderous plan. †¦I have given suck, and knowHow tender tis to love the babe that milks me:I would, while it was smiling in my face,Have pluckd my nipple from his boneless gums,And dashd the brains out, had I so sworn as youHave done to this.(Act I, Scene 7) In this shocking rebuke, Lady Macbeth attacks her husbands manhood. She implies that he must be weak- weaker than his wife, weaker than a nursing mother- if he cannot keep his vow to take the throne. Elizabethan audiences would have been repulsed by Lady Macbeths raw ambition and reversal of traditional sex roles. Just as her husband crossed moral boundaries, Lady Macbeth defied her place in society. In the 1600s, she may have appeared as weird and unnatural as the witches with their eerie incantations. Todays attitudes are very different, yet ambitious and powerful women still arouse suspicion. Critics and conspiracy theorists have used the name Lady Macbeth to deride public figures like Hillary Clinton and Julia Gillard. Quotes AboutGuilt and Remorse Methought I heard a voice cry Sleep no more!Macbeth does murder sleep.†¦What hands are here? ha! they pluck out mine eyes.Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this bloodClean from my hand? No, this my hand will ratherThe multitudinous seas in incarnadine,Making the green one red.(Act II, Scene 2) Macbeth speaks these lines immediately after murdering the king. To murder sleep has a double meaning. Macbeth has killed a sleeping man, and hes also killed his own serenity. Macbeth knows that because of this action, he will never be able to rest peacefully.   The guilt Macbeth feels stirs hallucinations and gruesome visions of blood. Hes shocked by the sight of his murderous hands. (They pluck out mine eyes.) In his tormented mind, his hands are soaked with so much blood, they would turn the ocean red.   Lady Macbeth shares Macbeths crime, but does not immediately show guilt.  She coldly returns the daggers to the crime scene and smears blood on the kings sleeping grooms so that they will be blamed. Seemly unruffled, she tells her husband, A little water clears us of this deed (Act II, Scene 2). Out, damned spot! out, I say! - One: two: why,then, tis time to dot. - Hell is murky! - Fie, mylord, fie! a soldier, and afeard? What need wefear who knows it, when none can call our power toaccount? - Yet who would have thought the old manto have had so much blood in him.†¦.The thane of Fife had a wife: where is she now? - What, will these hands neer be clean? - No more othat, my lord, no more o that: you mar all withthis starting.†¦Heres the smell of the blood still: all theperfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this littlehand. Oh, oh, oh!†¦Wash your hands, put on your nightgown; look not sopale. - I tell you yet again, Banquos buried; hecannot come out ons grave.†¦To bed, to bed! theres knocking at the gate:come, come, come, come, give me your hand. Whatsdone cannot be undone. - To bed, to bed, to bed! (Act V, Scene 1) The king is only one of many killings during Macbeths bloody reign. To hold onto his ill-gotten crown, he orders the slaughter of his friend Banquo and the entire household of Lord Macduff, the Thane of Fife. Macbeth suffers fits of hysteria and hallucinates Banquos ghost with blood-clotted hair. But its the hard-hearted Lady Macbeth who eventually collapses under the weight of guilt, and she is the one who gives this monologue. Sleepwalking, she wrings her hands and babbles about the stain of so much spilled blood.   The phrase Out, damned spot! can seem comical to modern readers. Lady Macbeths distraught words have been used in advertisements for products ranging from household cleaners to acne medicines. But this is the raving of a woman who teeters on the brink of madness.   Parts of Lady Macbeths monologue, like the incantation of the witches, depart from the traditional iambic pentameter. In a metrical pattern called a spondee, she strings together syllables that have equal weight: Out-damned-spot-out. Since each one-syllable word is equally stressed, the emotional tension is heightened. Readers (or listeners) are more likely to feel the impact of each word. The words themselves seem nonsensical. They are non sequiturs, jumping from thought to thought. Lady Macbeth is reliving all the crimes, remembering sounds, smells, and images. One after the other, she names murder victims: the king (the old man), Macduffs wife, and Banquo. To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow,Creeps in this petty pace from day to dayTo the last syllable of recorded time,And all our yesterdays have lighted foolsThe way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle!Lifes but a walking shadow, a poor playerThat struts and frets his hour upon the stageAnd then is heard no more: it is a taleTold by an idiot, full of sound and fury,Signifying nothing.(Act V, Scene 5) Unable to recover from her guilt, Lady Macbeth kills herself. When this news reaches Macbeth, hes already in deep despair. Abandoned by his noblemen and knowing his own days are numbered, he delivers one of the most desolate soliloquies in the English language. In this extended metaphor, Macbeth compares life to a theatrical performance. Days on earth are as short-lived as the candles that illuminate the Elizabethan stage. Each person is nothing more than a shadow cast by that flickering light, a silly actor who struts about and then vanishes when the candle is snuffed. In this metaphor, nothing is real and nothing matters. Life is a tale told by an idiot†¦ signifying nothing. American author William Faulkner titled his novel The Sound and the Fury  after a line from Macbeths soliloquy. Poet Robert Frost borrowed a phrase for his poem, Out, Out - . Even the cartoon Simpson family embraced the metaphor with a melodramatic rendition by Homer Simpson. Ironically, Shakespeares tragedy ends soon after this somber speech. Its easy to imagine audiences blinking from the theater, wondering, Whats real? Whats illusion? Are we part of the play? Sources Garber, Marjorie. â€Å"Shakespeare and Modern Culture, Chapter One.† 10 Dec. 2008, www.nytimes.com/2008/12/11/books/chapters/chapter-shakespeare.html. Excerpted from the book, Pantheon Publishers.Liner, Elaine. â€Å"Out, Damned Spot!: The Best Pop Culture References That Came from Macbeth.† 26 Sept. 2012, www.dallasobserver.com/arts/out-damned-spot-the-best-pop-culture-references-that-came-from-macbeth-7097037.Macbeth. Folger Shakespeare Library, www.folger.edu/macbeth.Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Arden. Read online at shakespeare.mit.edu/macbeth/index.htmlThemes in Macbeth. Royal Shakespeare Company, cdn2.rsc.org.uk/sitefinity/education-pdfs/themes-resources/edu-macbeth-themes.pdf?sfvrsn4.Wojczuk, Tana. The Good Wife – Hillary Clinton as Lady Macbeth. Guernica, 19 Jan. 2016. www.guernicamag.com/tana-wojczuk-the-good-wife-hillary-clinton-as-lady-macbeth/.

Methoud of enquiery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Methoud of enquiery - Essay Example It will evaluate the impact of bad publicity on consumer’s perception at Primark. How do consumers react? Does it affect the purchasing behaviour towards Primark’s products? Does it affect sales? Or does it have no effect? Literature review There has been very little relative research conducted on ethical decision making and purchase behaviour. This area of research has received little attention from researchers. There have been some studies on â€Å"environmental ethical concerns and purchase behaviour† but there is little food to fodder for in other areas. These studies were conducted after the consumerism movement of the 1970s in which they tried to find out about the consumer who is conscious of the impact of his consumption on the public and wants to use his purchasing power to bring about change. As opposed to work done earlier on environmentally concerned consumption, through our work, we are trying to establish how ethical concerns in Primark will affect purchase behaviour. The paper will revolve around how purchase behaviour is dependent on moral judgement owing to their use of illegal immigrants. Illegal human behaviour been practiced before in other countries. In South Africa, consumers tend to be concerned about abuse of human rights in a foreign country. Similarly consumers and their concern for animal rights becomes a major factor when consumers consider purchasing products that have been tested on animal. The research is intended to improve an understanding of how consumer behaviour i is affected by bad publicity and unethical practices conducted in an organization. It has important implications in business ethics and marketing. (Barling, 2005) In his book, Morality and the Market, McMurrian explains how market can play an influential role between the arbiter of good and bad business practice. According to McMurrian, ethical purchase behaviour is described as â€Å" an expression of the individual’s moral judgmenet in his or her purchase behaviour†. (McMurrian, 1990) Smith did a research on consumer boycotts due to ethical purchase behaviour. For instance, the consumer boycott of Barclays Bank turned out to be the most influential reason behind the with drawl of Barclays bank from South Africa. The major impact of the ethical behavior within an organization is on it stakeholders. The main stakeholders of a business can be categorized as either internal or external.In internal stakeholders, the most important are employees at all levels. It is important that employees are clearly aware of the implicit and explicit ethical behavior observed within an organization. It should be re-enforced by the top level management tactfully. This will create a positive working environment within an environment, encouraging healthy competition, friendly relationship among employees, higher productivity and greater satisfaction of the employees. Workforce will feel more confident about their work if they are treated equally and appreciated and appraised liked other employees. The external stakeholders of an organization play an important role for an organization to become morally responsible organization. The most important stakeholders are customers, suppliers and public. Most organizations have become customer-oriented and to achieve maximum customer satisfaction, they must become ethical to develop loyal customers. Ethical dealing with suppliers will

Healthy Eating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Healthy Eating - Essay Example As the problem starts at young age it is best to overcome it at that time. The main motivators for obesity in children include junk foods, video games and television; as children's are mostly targets in the media for these advertisements. Parent's role also plays an important part; they are the ones to encourage their children for sports and exercises, and replace the junks with fruits and vegetables. Eating healthy food full of nutrition and vitamins is important in order to stay healthy, but if the problem increases it is best to consult a doctor, dietitian or a nutritionist. Due to the sudden increase in which America's children are becoming obese, it has been stated that "the current generation of American youth might live less healthy and possibly even have shorter lives than their parents (Bernstein)" if nothing is done about the deteriorating health of children. Obesity is one of the leading causes of health problems, which stays present as a person gets older. Obesity used to be an issue in adults, but today, obesity is something that often starts when a person is in their childhood, and their health worsens the older they get. "America must be getting thinner, right Mc Donald's has stopped super-sizing. Coke has launched its 'half the sugar, half the carbs' C2 cola and it seems like every week a new diet book hits the shelves and the best seller list (Dan Crane, 2009). In April 2005 the sesame street recognized the growing crises of childhood obesity in United States and introduced 'healthy habits for life' a segment in their episodes that featured tips on healthy eating and exercise. Health problems that are associated with obesity include diabetes, heart failure, and various kinds of cancer; unfortunately, many of these can lead to an early death. As aforementioned, the media has played a large role in encouraging obesity; due to the in crease in how many children are obese, the media has since turned around, discouraging the gorging of junk food products, urging children to eat better and to spend more time participating in physical activity. Being aware of obesity problems, a partnership was formed in 2005 by the American Heart association by the name of Alliance for a Healthier Generation with the help of U.S president Bill Clinton and the Nickelodeons. The purpose of this alliance was to protect the life threatening consequences of unhealthy lifestyle habits. They reached kids through vigorous public awareness campaigns. Speaking of his media company's role in the partnership, Nickelodeon Network resident Herb Scannell said, "We want kids to become personally invested in living strong, healthy lives. And if we do our jobs right, kids will believe that being healthy is cool". (2005) furthermore television networks designed mainly for children, such as Nickelodeon and the Disney Channel, have taken it upon themse lves to encourage children to live healthier; there are even a few times a year that the networks shut themselves down for a few hours so that children do not feel as obliged to sit around and watch television, but are encouraged to go outside and

Employee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employee - Essay Example ons and excellent criminal and disciplinary records are likely to respect the policies of our company than those whose records are questionable (Rees and Smith 43). More often than not, these records symbolize a potential employee’s character and ability to meet workplace expectations. For the five employees, we will also look for evidence of leadership ability and good moral and religious background. For example, employees who have held leadership positions in their previous places of work are more likely to understand the demands of confidentiality and high-level professionalism than those who are yet to demonstrate leadership ability. Good moral and religious background is usually indicative of a person’s character and commitment. For example, individuals with a sound religious foundation are more likely to show loyalty and respect confidentiality. Another factor that we will consider when hiring the five employees is age. Experienced employees are more likely to understand and respect requirements for strategic and information confidentiality. Experience also symbolizes professional acuity and flexibility, since older employees have probably encountered similar expectations at their previous places of work (Perkins and Arvinen-Muondo 28). Apart from the curriculum vitae, which is a prerequisite in any recruitment process, we will also require the five job applicants to have social security cards, birth certificates, identification cards, work permit, and academic documentation to verify the information provided in the resume. These documents are mandatory, and all applicants must have them or present them during the interview process. For applicants who are not US citizens, they must present original passports and legible copies of the appropriate pages indicating current immigration status. Applicants who are selected will be required to review and sign the employment contract and terms of conditions before commencing their tenures. Since the five

The Organizational Structure Of Management Levels Information Technology Essay

The Organizational Structure Of Management Levels Information Technology Essay This chapter contains a discription of the various methods to be used to gather information from the client and customer in other to meet up to the requirement provided when developing the system for the client and others problems assoiciated with the current system. On the completion of this chapter, various requirement will be gathered and analysed and based on these requirement, the system will be developed. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF WELLCARE SHOPPING MALL The mall management is a hierarchal top-to-bottom clear cut system that has clearly defined boundaries. The shopping management follows the standard four-level management levels (Top, Middle, Low and Operational Management Levels). The system is described in full below. TOP LEVEL MANAGEMENT: This level of management, being the pinnacle in every organization is made up of CEO, and Managing Directors Board Meetings are held monthly and the malls monthly profit rankings are discussed among other issues pertaining to the store. At the Board meetings, long range plans for the store are drawn up, and are then broadcast into the store by the Managers then to other departments in the store. MIDDLE LEVEL MANAGEMENT: The Managers of the mall has people under him (he represents the Board of Trustees at the store) who implement the long range plans that the Board has set out to achieve for the store. By breaking up the plans into more realistic year or monthly plans, and dividing the objectives among the departments, the managers also at this level oversees the affairs of the mall. Listed here are the Middle Level Management level personnel at the store: Human Resource Manager, Facilities Manager, Store Manager, Purchase Manager, Sales Manager, Finance Manager, and Front Office Manager. LOW LEVEL MANAGEMENT : For the smooth day-to-day running of the hotel, the managers of each department put in place supervisors, team leaders, group leaders to watch and oversee the actions being carried out daily by the operational level staff. Some of the personnel at this level actually work along with the operational level, but cannot be classified with the operational level because of their level of information and access. OPERATIONAL LEVEL MANAGEMENT: The personnel at this level are the staffs responsible for the day-to-day implementation of the hotels objectives. Sales personnel, cleaners, Store clerks, Drivers, Sales marketer, Security officers, and Store clerks all fall under this category. An organizational chart showing the various levels of management at the mall is shown on the next page. FACT-FINDING TECHNIQUES The listings of fact-finding techniques are as follows: Interviews: Of all the techniques employed this is considered the most effective for obtaining information due to its flexible nature as interviewees are able to give proper clarification where such is required and more detail is easily obtainable using this method. Therefore in order to gain a wholesome grasp on the working of the current system certain staff and customers of the store were selected since the customers are the ones to be affected by the project it was necessary to obtain their opinions. Interviews allow us to study the reactions of the interviewees and judge if their responses are unbiased and knowledgeable. Much relevant information was obtained from the interviews conducted with the staff of the store. However this process was carried out over the internet as arranged by the client. Questionnaires: The purpose of distributing questionnaires is to obtain a broader scope of the operations of a store from the views of both the staff and customers of the store. Due to the fact that the staff of the store are numerous it is cumbersome to attempt to interview all of them but it is necessary to ensure that a good number of staff participate in the exercise. It is also not possible to interview all the customers of the store but it is necessary to obtain a broad base of input from the customer because they are the ones to utilize the software which will be designed. Due to these constraints the only technique available is to fill the stated requirements by distributing questionnaires to the various respondents. Since most of the questions in the questionnaires have a restricted set of answers the information obtained using this method is generally more precise. Observation: The purpose of observing at first hand the shopping operations of the store is to get as much personalized information as possible by discovering what is actually happening as opposed to what is supposed to happen. In conducting interviews and surveys it is possible that respondents might not be entirely forthcoming with the true answers but by observing what is actually going on, direct fact will be gathered from the shopping process. INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE DETAILED RESULT DESCRIPTION OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM HOW THE CURRENT SYSTEM WORKS Based on the facts gathered from our facts finding process, the current manual based shopping system being operated by wellcare shopping mall Abuja can be summarized as follows: There are two main purpose why customers comes into the store that come; the first type of customers are those who want to find information about a product, while the second type of customers are those that want to purchase a product. The current system does have arrangements for both types of customers. MAKING AN ENQUIRY FOR A PRODUCT When customers walks into the store and want to make enquiry about a particular product, the customer then walk up to the shopping attendants to make enquiries. If the enquire is something that can be immediately treated (e.g. the description of a particular product), the shopping clerk can handle on the spot without consulting her subordinates or superiors. If however the customer wants to find out things that exceed the jurisdiction of the clerk, it is mandated for her to refer the customer to the front office manager who then handles the case, and since this also exceeds the boundaries of the shopping system. PURCHASING A PRODUCT Customer who purchase a product in wellcare shopping mall are put through five (3) process that make up the current shopping system. The first process involves customer searching for a products and adding searched products to the shopping basket. These can only be done by searching for products based on product categories in the store. The second process involves the customer paying for the product and specifying the means of payment. Two main modes are encouraged. These means are: payment by cash and payment by cheques. The third process is simply printing out the shopping receipt for the customer. The shopping receipt will contain fields which include Product Number, Product Name, quantity, amount paid and method of payment. The customer checks in the next day if the payment mode is cash, or two days after if the payment mode is by cheque. Based on these facts gathered from our facts finding process, the current manual based shopping system being operated by the wellcare shopping mall in Abuja can be somewhat summarized and represented in a process modeling diagram to illustrate or show how the current system works. PROCESS MODELING Description of the current system using Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Below is a Data Flow Diagram that shows the physical information flow within the current system at the context level. The basic organization structure is decentralized control. By referring to the Context Diagram (see Figure 1), we can see the current system is constituted of the main SHOPPING SYSTEM interacting with three entities; Customer, Bank and the Store Information System. Entity Description Customer The customer is every person that comes to the shop regarding shopping and product enquiry. Whether it is to make enquires, or to buy a product, or to pay for a product. Mall Information System This Refers to the front desk and customer services section of the store. Information regarding the store is kept in store information system. Bank When customers opt to pay by cheque, the store sends the cheque details to the bank for verification and the cash is then sent back to the store database. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE GENERAL SYSTEM PROCESSES From the Context Diagrams, we can see that the current shopping system has 3 main entity: Customer Bank Shopping information system and below is an ER (Entity Relation Diagram for the current shopping system). PROBLEMS OF THE CURRENT HOTEL RESERVATION SYSTEM IT IS TIME CONSUMING With the current shopping system a lot of time is required to go through the shopping process even for regular shopping customers. It takes customer time to search for product category by category especially if the customer. IT IS TEDIOUS In the current system is very tedious and stressful for both the sales representatives and customer because of the queues often encountered in trying to pay for a product in the mall. The morale of the front office staff is usually reduced after a full days work as they are likely to feel fatigued. IT IS NOT AUTOMATED The current system requires constant supervision and personnel presence to run effectively. The absence of this (supervision) hinders the system and wades off prospective customers as well as taints the reputation of the store. However, the problem involved here is that more attention is given to the shopping process and other areas are neglected because the staff required to manage them are supervising others. THE CUSTOMER HAS LIMITED OPTIONS Here the customers does not get adequate information regarding different product and other important information, as a result these the store might loose their prospective customers. UNRELIABLE The current system has many flaws in its implementation. Flaws such as over out of stock of products, number of product supplied, poor defined specifications, poor documentation. Most of these are caused by the human factors that implement the system. TAKES UP SPACE Data is usually stored in hard copies( in filing cabinets) thus requiring valuable office space:- Since the current system makes use of office files and filing cabinet to store records of product, suppliers and staff, a lot of space is required to accommodate large volume of these records. DATA INSECURITY With the current system, records and other important information are prone to theft, unauthorized manipulation and lose due to fire. These files can even be easily accessed by unauthorized people. IT IS COST INTENSIVE The current system requires lots of funds to maintain its smooth operation due to the purchase of paper, stationeries, filing cabinets, phone bills, e.t.c LIMITED CONTROL OVER PURCHASED ITEMS The current system makes it difficult/tedious for the customers to have control over purchased product for example returning and asking for refunds for an already purchased product. SOLUTION TO PROBLEMS OF CURRENT SYSTEM RE: IT IS TIME CONSUMING The proposed system aims to achieve a record time of 3-6 minutes for registered customers and 6-10 minutes for new customers depending on the customer shopping items. Also, with the customer account module running, the customer need not submit his details every time, he just supplies his user ID and his details are automatically uploaded. RE: IT IS TEDIOUS Since the number of customers to come to the sales would reduce, front office staff fatigue is less likely to occur, and as a result, the morale towards work of the staff would increase. Also, the customers would not have to go through the burden of queuing to lodge. RE: IT IS NOT AUTOMATED The proposed system would be developed in simple everyday language, thus making it simple for any body that can read and use a computer to book a room online. Also, staff supervision is not required for the receptionists and other front office staff, this is because the customer details are simply uploaded to the computer in the hotel, and can be opened by a simple mouse click. RE: THE CUSTOMER HAS LIMITED OPTIONS The new system would not only have information concerning the new system, it would make it possible for the customers to ask questions online and have their answers mailed to them. Thus making the enquiry process easy and increasing customer satisfaction. RE: UNRELIABLE The new system is computer based and thus the issue of human factor does not come up. The computer works with the principle GIGO (Garbage-In-Garbage-Out) which means the computer only supplies what the user had given before. RE: TAKES UP SPACE Since the new system is computer based, space requirement would be a very trivial issue because files would be stored in your computer hard disk. This means there is no need to have physical storage locations. RE: DATA INSECURITY In the proposed system, data security is very important as access specifiers would be made available at virtually every level of information. RE: IT IS COST INTENSIVE Since the system is computer based, the only form of paperwork needed would be printing sales report at the end of every month, which is normal and nothing compared to the tedious paper work which currently is being used. The computerization thereby means that the hotel would no longer have to budget so much money for provision of stationary anymore. RE: LIMITED CONTROL OVER RESERVATION The proposed system provides the customers the flexibility to control their reservations. Customers can modify their reservation at any point before the check in time. They can even cancel reservations without loosing their money as opposed to the current system where the customer looses 50% if he/she does not lodge.

Macbeth - Critical Evaluation :: essays research papers

MacBeth In MacBeth , a play by william shakespeare, a scene that I felt was significant was act one scene seven.This is the scene where Macbeth decides whether or not he should kill King Duncan.Macbeth himself begins to have doubts but Lady Macbeth eventually persuades him to go ahead with the plan. Events leading up to act one scene seven involve Macbeths meeting with the witches. They predict that Macbeth will be king.Macbeth then ponders over whether or not to kill King Duncan and become king himself. Scene seven act 1 falls into three parts – the first would be Macbeths soliloquay. This is when he tells of his reasons for not killing Duncan. He can think of three reasons. First of all he reckons it would teach others how easy it is to gain power by murder.Also Duncan is a cousin and good friend to him and finally the fact that Duncan is a good king and there would be an outcry at his death.After Macbeth had given his reasons for not wanting to kill Duncan he admits the only reason he has to do the deed is his ‘vaulting ambition’. When Lady Macbeth joins him she gets angry at him for backing out this way and she felt he was just making excuses as he was backing out. The second part of the scene is about the confrontation between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth.Lady Macbeth calls him a coward and accuses him of not loving her.Lady Macbeth said: Was the hope drunk \ Wherin you dressed yourself? Hath it slept since?\ And wakes it now , to look so green and Pale \ At what it did so freely \ At this Macbeth is stunned and tells of how manly he is and that there’s nothing he dare not do.To this Lady Macbeth says the only way he will be a man is if he goes along with the plan.Macbeth appears shaken and begs the question’’ if we should fail?’’ Lady Macbeth retorts ‘’we fail?’’ as though it is a completely stupid suggestion.Thanks to Lady Macbeths taunting Macbeth has been bullied into the killing of Duncan. Now with Macbeth being persuaded into the murder she plans how the murder will be done.Lady Macbeth already has ideas because as soon as Macbeth had agreed to the murder Lady began to explain her plan. She explained that while Duncan slept they would make their move Lady Macbeth assures him it will appear as though duncans guards are guilty of the deed Macbeth agrees to his Lady’s foolproof plan and is intent now to go ahead.

Deception Point Page 61

The chamber looked like a walk-in closet whose ceiling, walls, and floor had been completely covered with foam spires jutting inward from all directions. It reminded Rachel of a cramped underwater cave where stalagmites had run wild, growing off every surface. Most unsettling, however, was the apparent lack of a floor. The floor was a taut, meshed chicken-wire grid strung horizontally across the room like a fishing net, giving the inhabitants the feeling that they were suspended midway up the wall. The mesh was rubberized and stiff beneath the feet. As Rachel gazed down through the webbed flooring, she felt like she was crossing a string bridge suspended over a surrealistic fractalized landscape. Three feet below, a forest of foam needles pointed ominously upward. Instantly upon entering Rachel had sensed the disorientating lifelessness to the air, as if every bit of energy had been sucked out. Her ears felt as if they'd been stuffed with cotton. Only her breath was audible inside her head. She called out, and the effect was that of speaking into a pillow. The walls absorbed every reverberation, making the only perceivable vibrations those inside her head. Now the captain had departed, closing the padded door behind him. Rachel, Corky, and Tolland were seated in the center of the room at a small U-shaped table that stood on long metal stilts that descended through the mesh. On the table were affixed several gooseneck microphones, headphones, and a video console with a fish-eye camera on top. It looked like a mini-United Nations symposium. As someone who worked in the U.S. intelligence community-the world's foremost manufacturers of hard laser microphones, underwater parabolic eavesdroppers, and other hypersensitive listening devices-Rachel was well aware there were few places on earth where one could have a truly secure conversation. The dead room was apparently one of those places. The mics and headphones on the table enabled a face-to-face â€Å"conference call† in which people could speak freely, knowing the vibrations of their words could not escape the room. Their voices, upon entering the microphones, would be heavily encrypted for their long journey through the atmosphere. â€Å"Level check.† The voice materialized suddenly inside their headphones, causing Rachel, Tolland, and Corky to jump. â€Å"Do you read me, Ms. Sexton?† Rachel leaned into the microphone. â€Å"Yes. Thank you.† Whoever you are. â€Å"I have Director Pickering on the line for you. He's accepting AV. I am signing off now. You will have your data stream momentarily.† Rachel heard the line go dead. There was a distant whirr of static and then a rapid series of beeps and clicks in the headphones. With startling clarity, the video screen in front of them sprang to life, and Rachel saw Director Pickering in the NRO conference room. He was alone. His head snapped up and he looked into Rachel's eyes. She felt oddly relieved to see him. â€Å"Ms. Sexton,† he said, his expression perplexed and troubled. â€Å"What in the world is going on?† â€Å"The meteorite, sir,† Rachel said. â€Å"I think we may have a serious problem.† 71 Inside the Charlotte's dead room, Rachel Sexton introduced Michael Tolland and Corky Marlinson to Pickering. Then she took charge and launched into a quick account of the day's incredible chain of events. The NRO director sat motionless as he listened. Rachel told him about the bioluminescent plankton in the extraction pit, their journey onto the ice shelf and discovery of an insertion shaft beneath the meteorite, and finally of their sudden attack by a military team she suspected was Special Ops. William Pickering was known for his ability to listen to disturbing information without so much as flinching an eye, and yet his gaze grew more and more troubled with each progression in Rachel's story. She sensed disbelief and then rage when she talked about Norah Mangor's murder and their own near-death escape. Although Rachel wanted to voice her suspicions of the NASA administrator's involvement, she knew Pickering well enough not to point fingers without evidence. She gave Pickering the story as cold hard facts. When she was finished, Pickering did not respond for several seconds. â€Å"Ms. Sexton,† he finally said, â€Å"all of you†¦ † He moved his gaze to each of them. â€Å"If what you're saying is true, and I cannot imagine why three of you would lie about this, you are all very lucky to be alive.† They all nodded in silence. The President had called in four civilian scientists†¦ and two of them were now dead. Pickering heaved a disconsolate sigh, as if he had no idea what to say next. The events clearly made little sense. â€Å"Is there any way,† Pickering asked, â€Å"that this insertion shaft you're seeing in that GPR printout is a natural phenomenon?† Rachel shook her head. â€Å"It's too perfect.† She unfolded the soggy GPR printout and held it up in front of the camera. â€Å"Flawless.† Pickering studied the image, scowling in agreement. â€Å"Don't let that out of your hands.† â€Å"I called Marjorie Tench to warn her to stop the President,† Rachel said. â€Å"But she shut me down.† â€Å"I know. She told me.† Rachel looked up, stunned. â€Å"Marjorie Tench called you?† That was fast. â€Å"Just now. She's very concerned. She feels you are attempting some kind of stunt to discredit the President and NASA. Perhaps to help your father.† Rachel stood up. She waved the GPR printout and motioned to her two companions. â€Å"We were almost killed! Does this look like some kind of stunt? And why would I-â€Å" Pickering held up his hands. â€Å"Easy. What Ms. Tench failed to tell me was that there were three of you.† Rachel could not recall if Tench had even given her time to mention Corky and Tolland. â€Å"Nor did she tell me you had physical evidence,† Pickering said. â€Å"I was skeptical of her claims before I spoke to you, and now I am convinced she is mistaken. I do not doubt your claims. The question at this point is what it all means.† There was a long silence. William Pickering rarely looked confused, but he shook his head, seeming lost. â€Å"Let's assume for the moment that someone did insert this meteorite beneath the ice. That begs the obvious issue of why. If NASA has a meteorite with fossils in it, why would they, or anyone else for that matter, care where it is found?† â€Å"It appears,† Rachel said, â€Å"that the insertion was performed such that PODS would make the discovery, and the meteorite would appear to be a fragment from a known impact.† â€Å"The Jungersol Fall,† Corky prompted. â€Å"But of what value is the meteorite's association with a known impact?† Pickering demanded, sounding almost mad. â€Å"Aren't these fossils an astounding discovery anywhere and anytime? No matter what meteoritic event they are associated with?† All three nodded. Pickering hesitated, looking displeased. â€Å"Unless†¦ of course†¦ â€Å" Rachel saw the wheels turning behind the director's eyes. He had found the simplest explanation for placing the meteorite concurrent with the Jungersol strata, but the simplest explanation was also the most troubling. â€Å"Unless,† Pickering continued, â€Å"the careful placement was intended to lend credibility to totally false data.† He sighed, turning to Corky. â€Å"Dr. Marlinson, what is the possibility that this meteorite is a counterfeit.† â€Å"Counterfeit, sir?† â€Å"Yes. A fake. Manufactured.† â€Å"A fake meteorite?† Corky gave an awkward laugh. â€Å"Utterly impossible! That meteorite was examined by professionals. Myself included. Chemical scans, spectrograph, rubidium-strontium dating. It is unlike any kind of rock ever seen on earth. The meteorite is authentic. Any astrogeologist would agree.†

Essay about Assignment 2

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Government of France

Government of France The government of France is a semi-presidential system based on the French Constitution of the fifth Republic, in which the nation declares itself to be "an indivisible, secular, democratic, and social Republic". The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims France's "attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789."The national government of France is divided into an executive, a legislative and a judicial branch. The President has a degree of direct executive power, but most executive power resides in his appointee, the Prime Minister. The President's choice for Prime Minister must have the confidence of the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament; also the Prime Minister is always from the majority party in that house.Parliament comprises the National Assembly and the Senate. It passes statutes and votes on the budget; it controls the action of the executive through formal questioning on the floor of the houses of Parliament and by establishing commissions of enquiry.President Wilson and President Poincare of FranceThe constitutionality of the statutes is checked by the Constitutional Council, members of which are appointed by the President of the Republic, the President of the National Assembly, and the President of the Senate. Former Presidents of the Republic also are members of the Council.The independent judiciary is based on a civil law system which evolved from the Napoleonic code. It is divided into the judicial branch (dealing with civil law and criminal law) and the administrative branch (dealing with appeals against executive decisions), each with their own independent supreme court, the courts of cassation. The French government includes various bodies that check abuses of power and independent agencies.France is a unitary state. However, the various legal subdivisionsthe r ©gions, d ©partements and communeshave various attributions, and the nationa l government...

Internal Audit Deparment Background description about TJX Company Essay

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Americas Film and Video Culture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Americas Film and Video Culture - Assignment Example Most people in the greatest generation were born during the time of the American silent feature film that lasted until 1929. During the period, the filmmakers in the country established the language of motion pictures as well as cinema that arrived at the height of artistic sophistication. Many full films were developed during the period. The 1930s, for example, was a period of economic problems and political turmoil. The events affected the films in one way or the other. The 1929 to 1946 period was referred to as the golden age of Hollywood even most of the film produced was black and white. The period was also the decade of color and sound revolution, the advance of the talkies as well as the further creation of film genres (Etkind, 94). Some of the films developed include the gangster films, newspaper reporting films, musicals, the historical biopic, social realism films, western and horror films and lighthearted screwball comedies. The silent period ended during this era with many film stars failing to make a transition to sound. In 1933, for example, the impact of depression was being felt strongly especially and resulted in a decreased attendance in Movie Theater. Some of the films of the time included the Hell’s Angel, Anna Christie and the stagecoach of that was released in 1931. A high number of the early talkies were active at the box office though most of them were of poor quality. The films were dialog dominated, with stilted acting and an unmoving microphone and unmoving camera. Screenwriters in most of the films were required to place emphasis on the script characters and the writers of the title cards became unemployed. Nonetheless, videos and films of this period were produced with style, wit, el egance, and skills that have never been equaled (Etkind, 95). Film production continued to improve between the years 1929 to 1946.

S.M.A.R.T Goals Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

S.M.A.R.T Goals - Coursework Example Goal: I will look for the organization’s hiring and recruitment policy, and find out what the organization does to hire and retain its employees by week 6. From week 1 to week four, I shall work on reviewing the recruitment and hiring policy of the organization. I will visit the organization and see how the recruitment and hiring process is normally carried out. I will also carry out some interviews among the staff of the organization to find out how they are motivated to remain in the organization. What I learned/ overall goal accomplishment: I have learned that the hiring and recruitment process is very methodological. I have also learned that employers have to not only hire the best employees; they also have to work hard to retain them. Goal: I will find out from the organization’s policies what measures are in place to take care of employee problem and what the organization does to help employees deal with their problems by week 6. How Has this changed my behavior/ attitude: I have come to appreciate that employers should be good managers in all aspects of the word. They should be there to offer guidance and correct errant employees when the need arises. How was the goal met? I had to convince the managers to allow me to talk about their disciplinary policies with them and with their employees. I also went through these policies so that I could understand how the organization treats its employees who have problems. Barriers in meeting my learning outcomes: Although I was able to accomplish my goal, I faced some challenges such as lack of substantive information from the employees.

The Complete Works of William Shakespear Essay Example for Free

The Complete Works of William Shakespear Essay A burn is an injury caused by excessive energy transferred to the body. There are four different kinds of burns. The first type of burn is a thermal burn. A thermal burn is caused by an external heat source that causes the temperature of the skin and tissue cells in the skin to rise which causes the cells to get damaged or die. Thermal burns are usually caused by coming in contact with open flames, hot metals, or scalding liquids. The second type of burns are radiation burns. Radiation burns are be caused by extended exposure to radiation, such as Ultra-Violet  radiation from the sun. The third type of burns are Chemical burns. Chemical burns are caused by coming in contact with strong acids or alkalies. The last type of burns are electrical burns. Electrical burns are burn from coming in contact with an electrical current. Along with the four types of burns, there are also three different classifications on the levels of the severity of the burn. The least severe level of burn is called a first-degree burn or a superficial burn. A first degree burn only affects the epidermis, the  outermost layer of skin. An example of a first-degree burn is a sun-burn. First degree burns do not usually have any long term affects but sun-burns have been known to cause skin cancer. First-degree burns are very minor an heal quite easily. In the area around the burn and undamaged skin cells in the basale, or deepest layer of the epidermis grow and begin to spread out over wound until it is covered. A hormone called epidermal growth factor causes the basale epidermal skin cells to multiply until the skin reaches it original thickness. The next level of burn is called a second degree burn or a partial thickness burn. Second degree burns involve the epidermis and the dermis, the layer under the epidermis. The burn will be red, blistered and may be swollen. Second degree burns are painful and may cause scarring. The worst level of burns is a third-degree burn. Third degree burns destroy both the epidermis and dermis and may even damage muscles, tendons, or bones under the dermis. The wound will appear white or charred. The victim will feel no pain because all of the nerve endings have been destroyed. Second and third degree burns have a much more complex way of healing. The healing process has four stages. The first is the inflammatory phase in which the blood clots and the wound gets inflamed to kill off microbes, foreign objects and dead skin. The next stage is the migratory phase in which the wound begins to scab. The cells around the scab begin to migrate under the scab to cover the wound. In third-degree burns skin cells need to be implanted to start cell growth. Also in this stage blood vessels and scar tissue begin to grow. The next stage is the  proliferative phase in which epidermal cells begin to grow rapidly under the scab and blood vessels continue to grow. The final stage is the maturation stage in which the scab falls off after the skin under the scab have grown to its original thickness. The process in which scar tissue is formed is called fibrosis. Scar tissue has fewer blood vessels than regular skin and will have a different structure than regular skin. Scar tissue is usually lighter than your normal skin because of the lack of blood vesselsMore scar tissue is needed in more severe wounds.

Physical Therapy Essay -- Physical Therapist Job Career Essays

Physical Therapy Physical therapists are members of a health care team, specially trained to improve movement and flinction, relieve pain, and expand movement potential. Through evaluation and individualized treatment programs, physical therapists can both treat existing problems and provide preventive health care for people with a variety of needs (Physical Therapy-Improving 1). Physical therapists are very knowledgeable and skillful concerning the human body. Physical therapy is a complex, but rewarding field to pursue as a career. Specialization, working conditions, job outlook, salaries, and education requirements need to be taken into consideration when contemplating a career as a physical therapist. Physical therapists can either specialize in specific areas, like paralysis or orthopedics, or they can treat a broad range of needs. Physical therapy is divided into three basic categories: acute care, neuro-rehab, and outpatient physical therapy. I am particularly interested in acute care, which involves treating patients in the hospital setting. Acute care involves treating patients following surgery, restoring patients' physical activity following an accident or illness, and helping patients to overcome disabilities. Teaching home exercises, preparing rehab programs, and explaining how to use assistive devices are the acute care therapist's main jobs. On the other hand, neuro-rehab physical therapists deal with patients who have long-term injuries, such as spinal cord injuries. Finally, outpatient physical therapists are usually self-employed and generally treat patients in the home. ("Information" 7) All three types of physical therapists perform the same general tasks. The goal of physical therapy is to help patien... ...1.htm. "1997 Graduate School Rankings, Physical Therapy." U.S. News _ Online. Internet. 8 April 1997. Available: http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/beyond/gphyther.htm. "Physical Therapist." The Princeton Review Guide to Your Career. Online. Internet. 8 April 1997. Available: http://cgi.review.com/careers/car_search_show.cfm?id=114#life. "Physical Therapists." California Occupational Guide Nurnber 117. Online. Internet. 8 April 1997. Available: http://www.calmis.cahwnet.gov/file/occguide/PHYSTHER.TXT. "The Physical Therapist: A Professional Profile." American Physical Therapy Association. Online. Internet. 8 April 1997. Available: http://www.apta.org/pt_prof/professionalprofile.html. Physical Therapy - Improving Movement and Function. San Bruno: Icrames, 1984. Physical Therapy in Iowa. Des Moines: Iowa Physical Therapy Association, 1991.